Bibliography
Works Cited
"By Pressuring Electronics Companies to Remove Conflict Minerals from Their Supply Chains, We Can Help Remove Fuel from the Fire in Congo. Conflict Minerals | RAISE Hope for Congo." Conflict Minerals | RAISE Hope for Congo. Enough Project, n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
This source explains the conflict about the conflict resources and also suggests a solution to the problem. It is an non government organization that is trying to decrease the amount of violence by demanding more as consumers from the major companies that are profiting off of the conflict.
"Congo, Democratic Republic of the." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia™. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Research in Context. Web. 22 Oct. 2016.
This gave an extremely detailed analysis of each of the leaders in chronological order. It told about each of the “periods” of DRC governmental history, for example, the Belgian rule.
"Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221." Youtube, uploaded by Crashcourse, 16 Jan. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uArRzwKHvE. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
This video talked about the decolonization of Africa and how it related to the DR Congo specifically. It went over the entire history of the DR Congo starting with it's history with Belgium. It talked about the refugee camps and the state of those.
"Congo-Kinshasa." CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2016. Web. 5 Oct. 2016.
This source explained the history of DRC in a chronological, simple way. It showed the key players in the conflict. This is an objective source that gave a good look at all of the parts that caused the civil war of DRC.
Debebe, Eskinder. Children at an IDP camp in Kitchanga, North Kivu, DRC, await their meal and the Secretary-General. UN. United Nations, 23 Feb. 2016, www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/02/displaced-people-need-more-opportunities-ban-says-at-camp-in-dr-congo/. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016.
This photo is a primary source that shows that the UN is providing help in the form of food and shelter to the many people who are displaced in DRC. It also shows the large amount of children that are at the camp. It hows what kind of food they actually have access to and how eager the children are to get a plateful of this.
"Democratic Republic of Congo: 'Suffering has been a part of my life. But I fight. I'm still standing!'" Medecins Sans Frontieres, 10 Mar. 2016, www.msf.org/en/article/democratic-republic-congo-suffering-has-been-part-my-life-i-fight-im-still-standing. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
In the article, the writer talks to a IDP in DR Congo and she speaks about her story. It includes direct quotes from her and these give a clear view as to what her life is like and her perspective on it. The narrative format eliminates the middle man which allows the information to be true, and objective.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 Feb. 2012.
Was helpful in learning about current conflicts and how they connected to past situations. Gave a detailed description of each of the leaders, and their accomplishments and mistakes.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo IDPs and Return of 43,000 Congolese Refugees." UNHCR, Europa Technologies Ltd., www.unhcr.org/en-us/publications/maps/441688300/democratic-republic-congo-idps-return-433000-congolese-drc-refugees-neighbouring.html?query=democratic%20republic%20of%20the%20congo. Map.
This map shows the amounts of people in each of the neighboring nations that are DRC refugees. It is an organized way of showing the data, while specifying it to a specific nation.
Emizet, Kisangani N.F. "Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)." Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities. Ed. C. Neal Tate. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 234-240. World History in Context. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.
Gondola, Ch Didier. The History of Congo. Westport, Greenwood Press, 2002.
This book talked a lot about the presidents of DRC and their downfalls. It mentioned "Mobutuism" and how it hurt the country. It talked about how each of the presidents held on to their power. It was helpful when analyzing where the leaders went wrong in ruling.
Heath, Nick. "How conflict minerals funded a war that killed millions, and why tech giants are finally cleaning up their act." TechRepublic, www.techrepublic.com/article/how-conflict-minerals-funded-a-war-that-killed-millions/. Accessed 7 Nov. 2016.
This was helpful because it spoke a lot about the financial part of the emergency. Also, it talked about how the Tech companies can help the situation. It helped when writing about the possible solutions that can improve the state of the DRC.
"Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in DR Congo." Doctors Without Borders (MSF), Oct. 2015, www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016. Infographic.
This was helpful because it showed specific statistics about different parts of life in DR Congo. It told the number of people who were displaced, compared the number to other countries and continents near it, and also said where most of the IDPs are going. This put things in perspective, so I could further discuss the topic in a more accurate sense. It also mentioned the major challenges the people face.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Democratic Republic of the Congo Opinion Survey and In-Depth Research." International Committee of the Red Cross, 2009, pp. 1-66. International Committee of the Red Cross, www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/drc.pdf. Accessed 9 Nov. 2016.
This source showed how the people of DR Congo are feeling and how the whole political situation is effecting them and the people and things around them.
Kavanagh, Michael, Thomas Wilson, and Franz Wild. "With His Family Fortune at Stake, Congo President Kabila Digs In." Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 15 Dec. 2016. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.
This source was extremely helpful in understanding both Laurent and Joseph Kabila's personal involvement in the DRC mining industry. It provided another layer in why the government has been to uneager to create stricter mining laws ti prevent poor conditions. It included pictures that helped me understand the severity of the issue, along with actual scanned documents that proved the claims made in the article.
Kirchhof, Andreas. "Fresh Fighting Drives Displacement in Eastern DR Congo." UNHCR, edited by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 13 Apr. 2016, www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/4/570dfb126/fresh-fighting-drives-displacement-eastern-dr-congo.html. Accessed 8 Nov. 2016.
The source gives insight into what exactly is being done for the IDPs and REFUGEES in DRC. This being said, it also includes how the people are still facing obstacle that are driving them away, consequently displacing them again. It mentions specific camps. through the diction, it conveys a caring POV which makes the reader want to help, and reminds them of the refugee's humanity.
Moncrieff, Richard. "African Powers Must Support Democracy in DR Congo." International Crisis Group. N.p., 28 Oct. 2016. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
This source showed how the other nations in Africa are assisting DRC and mediating the negotiations to fore democracy within the executive branch. this shows international aid as well as a force that insures democracy.
Prunier, Gerard. Africa's World War. Oxford University Press, 2008.
It helped me learn about Kabila in depth and his presidency. It also talked about a lot of the rebel groups and how they worked. It happened to incorporate a lot of concepts, like private vs public power, that we talked about in class, so it was easy to make sense of the complicated topic. It mentioned the effect the rebel conflicts had on the refugees.
"Rwanda Genocide: 'Domino Effect' in DR Congo." BBC News. BBC, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 04 Feb. 2017.
This source talked about how the Rwandan genocide affected the DRC. It used the words of a woman who experienced the First Congo War to explain what happened while also offering facts. It was helpful because now I have quotes from primary source people and also more information about how the Rwandan Genocide caused displacement.
Swart, Gerrie. A Vanquished Peace?: Prospects for the Successful Reconstruction of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. E-book, London, Adonis & Abbey Publishers, 2010.
This book talks about the reason peace vanished in DRC and how it can be regained. Mentions solutions.
The VICE Guide to Congo. Directed by Alison Suroosh Alvi, VICE, 2011. Youtube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYqrflGpTRE. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
This source was helpful in a lot of different ways. It included many different quotes from people living in the Congo. It also showed the conditions of the country, for example the camps, and the rebel controlled roads. This was useful in describing the political situation, because it did a good job in explaining the connections between the different groups.
Zapata, Mollie. "Congo: The First and Second Wars, 1996-2003 | Enough Project." Enough. N.p., 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 04 Feb. 2017.
This source is from a site that is dedicated to stopping genocide and other crimes against humanity. This source helped me understand the connection between the Rwandan Genocide and the DRC wars. It talks about both wars in depth and their connections to Rwanda. This allowed me to see how the displacement in DRC started, as well as how the rebel groups got so many guns in the first place.
"Congo-DRC." Congo-DRC | Operation World. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017
This source was helpful because it showed a picture of the DRC in respect to the other countries near it.
"By Pressuring Electronics Companies to Remove Conflict Minerals from Their Supply Chains, We Can Help Remove Fuel from the Fire in Congo. Conflict Minerals | RAISE Hope for Congo." Conflict Minerals | RAISE Hope for Congo. Enough Project, n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
This source explains the conflict about the conflict resources and also suggests a solution to the problem. It is an non government organization that is trying to decrease the amount of violence by demanding more as consumers from the major companies that are profiting off of the conflict.
"Congo, Democratic Republic of the." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia™. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Research in Context. Web. 22 Oct. 2016.
This gave an extremely detailed analysis of each of the leaders in chronological order. It told about each of the “periods” of DRC governmental history, for example, the Belgian rule.
"Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221." Youtube, uploaded by Crashcourse, 16 Jan. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uArRzwKHvE. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
This video talked about the decolonization of Africa and how it related to the DR Congo specifically. It went over the entire history of the DR Congo starting with it's history with Belgium. It talked about the refugee camps and the state of those.
"Congo-Kinshasa." CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2016. Web. 5 Oct. 2016.
This source explained the history of DRC in a chronological, simple way. It showed the key players in the conflict. This is an objective source that gave a good look at all of the parts that caused the civil war of DRC.
Debebe, Eskinder. Children at an IDP camp in Kitchanga, North Kivu, DRC, await their meal and the Secretary-General. UN. United Nations, 23 Feb. 2016, www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/02/displaced-people-need-more-opportunities-ban-says-at-camp-in-dr-congo/. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016.
This photo is a primary source that shows that the UN is providing help in the form of food and shelter to the many people who are displaced in DRC. It also shows the large amount of children that are at the camp. It hows what kind of food they actually have access to and how eager the children are to get a plateful of this.
"Democratic Republic of Congo: 'Suffering has been a part of my life. But I fight. I'm still standing!'" Medecins Sans Frontieres, 10 Mar. 2016, www.msf.org/en/article/democratic-republic-congo-suffering-has-been-part-my-life-i-fight-im-still-standing. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
In the article, the writer talks to a IDP in DR Congo and she speaks about her story. It includes direct quotes from her and these give a clear view as to what her life is like and her perspective on it. The narrative format eliminates the middle man which allows the information to be true, and objective.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 Feb. 2012.
Was helpful in learning about current conflicts and how they connected to past situations. Gave a detailed description of each of the leaders, and their accomplishments and mistakes.
"Democratic Republic of the Congo IDPs and Return of 43,000 Congolese Refugees." UNHCR, Europa Technologies Ltd., www.unhcr.org/en-us/publications/maps/441688300/democratic-republic-congo-idps-return-433000-congolese-drc-refugees-neighbouring.html?query=democratic%20republic%20of%20the%20congo. Map.
This map shows the amounts of people in each of the neighboring nations that are DRC refugees. It is an organized way of showing the data, while specifying it to a specific nation.
Emizet, Kisangani N.F. "Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)." Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities. Ed. C. Neal Tate. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 234-240. World History in Context. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.
Gondola, Ch Didier. The History of Congo. Westport, Greenwood Press, 2002.
This book talked a lot about the presidents of DRC and their downfalls. It mentioned "Mobutuism" and how it hurt the country. It talked about how each of the presidents held on to their power. It was helpful when analyzing where the leaders went wrong in ruling.
Heath, Nick. "How conflict minerals funded a war that killed millions, and why tech giants are finally cleaning up their act." TechRepublic, www.techrepublic.com/article/how-conflict-minerals-funded-a-war-that-killed-millions/. Accessed 7 Nov. 2016.
This was helpful because it spoke a lot about the financial part of the emergency. Also, it talked about how the Tech companies can help the situation. It helped when writing about the possible solutions that can improve the state of the DRC.
"Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in DR Congo." Doctors Without Borders (MSF), Oct. 2015, www.doctorswithoutborders.org. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016. Infographic.
This was helpful because it showed specific statistics about different parts of life in DR Congo. It told the number of people who were displaced, compared the number to other countries and continents near it, and also said where most of the IDPs are going. This put things in perspective, so I could further discuss the topic in a more accurate sense. It also mentioned the major challenges the people face.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Democratic Republic of the Congo Opinion Survey and In-Depth Research." International Committee of the Red Cross, 2009, pp. 1-66. International Committee of the Red Cross, www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/drc.pdf. Accessed 9 Nov. 2016.
This source showed how the people of DR Congo are feeling and how the whole political situation is effecting them and the people and things around them.
Kavanagh, Michael, Thomas Wilson, and Franz Wild. "With His Family Fortune at Stake, Congo President Kabila Digs In." Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 15 Dec. 2016. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.
This source was extremely helpful in understanding both Laurent and Joseph Kabila's personal involvement in the DRC mining industry. It provided another layer in why the government has been to uneager to create stricter mining laws ti prevent poor conditions. It included pictures that helped me understand the severity of the issue, along with actual scanned documents that proved the claims made in the article.
Kirchhof, Andreas. "Fresh Fighting Drives Displacement in Eastern DR Congo." UNHCR, edited by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 13 Apr. 2016, www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/4/570dfb126/fresh-fighting-drives-displacement-eastern-dr-congo.html. Accessed 8 Nov. 2016.
The source gives insight into what exactly is being done for the IDPs and REFUGEES in DRC. This being said, it also includes how the people are still facing obstacle that are driving them away, consequently displacing them again. It mentions specific camps. through the diction, it conveys a caring POV which makes the reader want to help, and reminds them of the refugee's humanity.
Moncrieff, Richard. "African Powers Must Support Democracy in DR Congo." International Crisis Group. N.p., 28 Oct. 2016. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
This source showed how the other nations in Africa are assisting DRC and mediating the negotiations to fore democracy within the executive branch. this shows international aid as well as a force that insures democracy.
Prunier, Gerard. Africa's World War. Oxford University Press, 2008.
It helped me learn about Kabila in depth and his presidency. It also talked about a lot of the rebel groups and how they worked. It happened to incorporate a lot of concepts, like private vs public power, that we talked about in class, so it was easy to make sense of the complicated topic. It mentioned the effect the rebel conflicts had on the refugees.
"Rwanda Genocide: 'Domino Effect' in DR Congo." BBC News. BBC, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 04 Feb. 2017.
This source talked about how the Rwandan genocide affected the DRC. It used the words of a woman who experienced the First Congo War to explain what happened while also offering facts. It was helpful because now I have quotes from primary source people and also more information about how the Rwandan Genocide caused displacement.
Swart, Gerrie. A Vanquished Peace?: Prospects for the Successful Reconstruction of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. E-book, London, Adonis & Abbey Publishers, 2010.
This book talks about the reason peace vanished in DRC and how it can be regained. Mentions solutions.
The VICE Guide to Congo. Directed by Alison Suroosh Alvi, VICE, 2011. Youtube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYqrflGpTRE. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
This source was helpful in a lot of different ways. It included many different quotes from people living in the Congo. It also showed the conditions of the country, for example the camps, and the rebel controlled roads. This was useful in describing the political situation, because it did a good job in explaining the connections between the different groups.
Zapata, Mollie. "Congo: The First and Second Wars, 1996-2003 | Enough Project." Enough. N.p., 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 04 Feb. 2017.
This source is from a site that is dedicated to stopping genocide and other crimes against humanity. This source helped me understand the connection between the Rwandan Genocide and the DRC wars. It talks about both wars in depth and their connections to Rwanda. This allowed me to see how the displacement in DRC started, as well as how the rebel groups got so many guns in the first place.
"Congo-DRC." Congo-DRC | Operation World. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017
This source was helpful because it showed a picture of the DRC in respect to the other countries near it.